Culture of chimps essays

Culture of chimps essays The Cultures of Chimpanzees It was once entirely believed that culture is what set humans apart from the ape world. However, in multiple studies compiled over the years, there has been sufficient evidence to say that human culture is not as unique as we all once thought but instead shares its roots with chimpanzee culture. Through the definition of culture, one can argue that the age-old belief that chimpanzee culture is not essentially comparable to human culture is wrong, and that human culture actually has its roots in the common qualities we share among the ape world, particularly in what has been most studied and documented, among the chimpanzees. The basis of this argument is supported by the definition of culture, which is defined by most scientists today as social customs passed down from generation to generation through learning. Through an understanding of this concept it has been documented in multiple studies ranging from the Tai Forest to Tanzania, that certain behaviors documented in groups of monkeys in one area have not been observed among others, indicating the existence of a culture, unique to that particular group of monkeys in that particular part of Africa. These behaviors vary in such areas as nut cracking, fishing for termites, fanning flies, throwing, inspecting wounds, meat eating, hunting, knocking knuckles and many more. Actually there have been 39 different patterns of behavior of chimpanzees that have been documented that are all cultural variations, which prove the existence of not only culture, but obviously the many different cultures among chimpanzees. A specific example we learned in class was that a particular group of monkeys would wash their potatoes in the salty ocean to get the dirt off and then seemed to enjoy the salty taste to their food. This behavior was then passed on from offspring to offspring by imitation, therefore by learning. This behavior...

10 Tips Every Freshman needs to Know for Back to School Season by EssaySupply.com

10 Tips Every Freshman needs to Know for Back to School Season 10 Tips To Know Before School Season As you get ready to begin your first year of college, there are probably dozens of things you have done to prepare yourself. You’ve most likely shopped for dorm room furnishings, purchased a new laptop for studying and entertainment, taken a tour of the classroom, introduced yourself to your new dorm mate, and more. Hopefully, you are as prepared as you can be. However, if you aren’t feeling as confident about the start of the school year as you should be, don’t worry. We have compiled a list of ten tips for new college freshmen that you won’t hear in any orientation. 1. Create an Open and Honest Relationship with Your Roommate Here is the deal. Unless something extreme happens, you and your roommate will be together for one semester at a minimum before your RA will even entertain the thought of making a move. Try getting together and setting up a few ground rules around issues such as visitors, cleaning, and food. Then, agree to approach each other honestly when there are issues and avoid being passive aggressive. 2. Grades Aren’t Everything Here’s a shocking revelation. Many of your future employers will care less about your GPA. They’ll care that you graduated. They’ll care about research projects, whether or not you’ve been published, internships, work experience, and relevant activities. So, study hard, but take the time to be a well-rounded student. 3. Party Wisely Let’s be realistic. You will go to parties. Just be safe and use some common sense. Go to parties with friends and leave with friends. Make sure there is one person in the group that will not be drinking. Don’t binge drink or accept drinks from anybody you do not trust explicitly. Leave enough time in your schedule for sleep and studying. 4. Scope out Places Near Campus that Serve food all Night Every college student needs a go-to diner, cafà ©, or greasy spoon to hit late at night when they have the munchies. These are great places to go for a burger, a cup of coffee, or just a quiet late night study spot. 5. Say Hi to Your Professors If you have questions, a comment on a lecture, or a concern about an upcoming assignment stop by your instructor’s office. They will be more than happy to hear from you. If you have nothing to say, just pop your head in the door to say hello. 6. It’s okay to Befriend Upper Classmen This isn’t high school where upper classmen would never lower themselves to hang with a ‘frosh’. Friendships in college tend to be founded around common interests, not grade level or age. 7. There are more ways to get Help than you are told You have many options for getting help with school work on campus. This is great, but sometimes that help isn’t what you need. If you need real help with writing assignments, look into a service like where you can buy essay online that are custom written and quality-guaranteed. 8. Print Everything the Night Before The biggest mistake you can make is to finish your homework and then plan to print it out before class. It is almost guaranteed that you will run into problems. Leave yourself plenty of time to get things printed out. Also, don’t forget to upload your writing assignments to turnitin.com or your instructor’s web portal. 9. Find a Place to Study Outside of your Room Your dorm room has your roommate, visitors, and a ton of electronics. Then, there’s also the temptation to sleep or clean. Find a nice quite spot on or off campus to do your studying. 10. Keep Healthy Snacks on Hand You won’t always have time to get a proper meal. Carry healthy snacks to munch on during the day, and you won’t be tempted to pig out at night.

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Assignment - Essay Example Today they give much emphasis on infrastructural changes which can reduce the impacts of those unforeseen contingencies. Many of the ultra modern inventions add to the ongoing environmental issues this way or that. This paper will critically analyse the problems associated with developmental activities and possible remedies that civil engineers can adopt in order for meeting those challenges. Challenges for civil engineers The supersonic growth of modern world necessitates various types of productive activities which would ultimately cause environmental issues. It is not possible to stop constructional activities in order to safeguard the environment. Hence, the civil engineers face extreme challenges with regard to developing protective infrastructure models. In contrast, the rampant growth of construction industry weakens the effectiveness of infrastructural developments. The following parts would introduce some of the recent environmental issues and possible solutions to address t hem. A. Global warming Global warming refers to the phenomenon of increase in the average temperature of earth’s atmosphere, which will result in the increase in volume of water and a consequent rise in the sea-level. The earth absorbs most of the thermal radiations like infrared radiation from the sun and reflects back the remaining part to the atmosphere. These reflected heats are trapped by the greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane and ozone; and this process causes the rise in atmospheric temperature. This green house effect due to the existence of green houses gases is the main cause of global warming. Majority scientists are of the opinion that human activities amplify the emission of greenhouse gases and hence global warming. For instance, when refrigerator functions, it releases a harmful compound called chlorofluorocarbon which causes the depletion of ozone layer and contributes to global warming. Similarly, most of the production and constructio n processes emit toxic gases that also deepen the problem. Although there are number of green house gases in the atmosphere, among them carbon dioxide, which is mainly produced as a result of increase in fossil fuel burning vehicles plays major role. The warmer air boosts the water evaporation which produces excessive water vapour in the atmosphere and subsequently the same cycle process repeats. The climate change is the most disastrous outcome of global warming and related environmental difficulties including diminution in agricultural yields. It is too practicable to cut the use of refrigerator or vehicles in order to minimise the CO2 emission; the only way is to develop improved technology which would impede the problem in future. The invention of non fossil fuels such as solar energy and nuclear energy may help to answer the issue of global warming because they normally do not cause carbon emission. Civil engineers can do a lot in addressing the impacts of global warming which in turn will minimise the climate changes. As suggested in Minority report on global warming and the role of civil engineering, engineers should try to develop infrastructural frame works with the minimum usage of ‘concrete foundations, kiln-fired brick and concrete walling blocks, steel or concrete frames, ground-bearing floor slabs, glass, aluminium and steel profile sheeting’

Computer crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Computer crime - Essay Example Computer crime is an offense where computers or electronic gadgets are used as a tool to carry out certain crimes. Computer crime circumscribes all sorts of illegal activities like transgression of copyrights, child pornography, hacking, etc. In this situation private and confidential facts are subject to loss or misplacement. E-crime is doubtlessly a universal issue and there will be an aberrant demand for international apportionment and collaboration. Computer criminals are becoming ever more mechanically advanced and highly developed and its an increasing confrontation to keep up with their procedures. A computer is prone to deleterious software when it is connected through internet if anti-virus software is not installed. The proliferating range of electronic gimmicks from i-pods to cell phones implies that hi-tech crime can perturb more than the personal computers. These devices are particularly exposed to assailment because they are adjustable, can be modified and revised and are frequently associated with other instruments. There are two main approaches by which computers can be associated with crime. One is the crime accompanied by using computers as a device like storage of felonious photographs on a hard disk, bedevilment using cell phones or illegitimate downloads of music and other forms of bootlegging. ‘Phishing’ bamboozle is an instance which comprises of burlesque emails and counterfeit websites to annex acute information. Other contemporary crimes are due to distinguishing technologies. One archetype is Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks where criminals can gain authority over collective computers and apply them to attack over particular destinations. Crimes also involve acquiring unofficial entrance to a computer system, or creating a virus to blot out assembled data (Computer Crime, October 2006). (See Box 1.) The uses of malicious software ranges from having excess demand on a computer’s resources to

Synovate Survey Shows Ascending Singaporean Spending Power Essay Example for Free

Synovate Survey Shows Ascending Singaporean Spending Power Essay Synovate survey shows ascending Singaporean spending power. Synovate, a leading global market intelligence company, today released information from the 2005 Synovate PAX media survey that showed rises in wealth, product and service ownership and improvements in lifestyle across Singapores affluent residents. The Synovate PAX survey tracks media, prosperity and influence in eleven markets across the Asia Pacific region – Singapore, Hong Kong, Korea, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Taiwan, India, Australia and Japan. Wanda Gill, Media Director for Synovate in Singapore said that the affluent of Singapore were enjoying high confidence and spending power. In just the last few months, our constantly-updated tracking has enabled us to watch Singapores ever–increasing confidence translate into higher product ownership, increasing purchase intentions and improving lifestyle. The Synovate PAX results for 2005 show that the average monthly household income of the Lion Citys affluent residents has risen from US$4,826 to US$5,456 – a 13% relative change. With greater household wealth, these Singaporeans are rewarding themselves with purchases of top tier luxury and consumer items and steady increases in property ownership and investment, Ms Gill said. The Synovate PAX survey allows marketers to get a full picture of Singapores affluent consumers – what they watch, read, buy and how they feel about advertising and branding – enabling them to target their marketing efforts. Ms Gill said that the 2005 results painted a picture of Singapore as the quiet powerhouse in relation to other markets in the region. While Hong Kongs wealthy are conspicuous consumers and buy items for their fashion status, Singaporeans tend to be more considered in distributing the fruits of their labours. Singapores elites still spend – and spend a lot – but our data shows they wont get their wallets out on a whim. Marketers must appeal to this lack of pretension and realise Singaporeans are not as status-conscious as people from Hong Kong or as acquisitive as the wealthy of other South East Asian economies which are less mature. Singaporeans are comfortable in their skins and are more likely to buy to make their lives easier, Ms Gill said. The Synovate PAX survey delves into peoples attitudes to brands and advertising via a series of psychographic statements. Some of the findings for Singapore were: * 11. 5% of Singapores elites agreed with the statement that they are among the first to buy a new product or gadget. This is below the regional average, showing that Singaporeans are less in a rush than other markets, waiting to see if the item fits into their lifestyle. More than two thirds of Singaporeans agree that paying for quality is worthwhile. * 46. 9% wealthy Singaporeans prefer to buy well known brands, well over the regional average of 41. 1%. * Singaporeans show a focus on lifestyle with 41. 5% agreeing that a home with modern appliances is important to them – this compares to the regional average of 38. 7% and 28. 9% in Hong Kong. Theres an indulgent streak across affluent Singaporeans, with one of the highest levels of agreement to the statement I sometimes like to treat myself to something special. 8. 2% of PAX respondents agreed in Singapore, with only Sydney-siders more indulgent (62%). The regional average is 48. 5%. Synovate PAX also covers product and service ownership, purchase intention over the twelve months to June 2006 and lifestyle. * As a major regional business hub of Asia, it would be expected that a great deal of business travel originates here. However, from June 2004 to June 2005, we have seen a 22% increase in Singapores affluent taking off on one or more business trips. Around 28% of these PAX respondents travel for business. But Singapores elite still find time to relax – more than 50% have taken one or more leisure trips in the year to June 2005 too. * An all-time high number of 38. 6% of affluent Singaporeans now own laptops or notebooks, up from 31. 9% in June 2004. * Likewise, ownership of a mobile phone with Internet access hits an all-time high – it stands at 37. 7% and shows steady increases for every quarter measured. This continuing trend is good news for mobile manufacturers and 3G networks and service offering planners. Indeed, more than 92% of affluent Singaporeans own a mobile with or without Internet access – they are here to stay and all these people will upgrade as mobile content becomes more and more compelling. * Digital dominance seems more and more inevitable as we observe relentless increases in Singaporean ownership of devices like MP3 players (up to 23. 1%, a rise of a quarter over the year before), digital video cameras (43. 7% now own these, up from 35. 9%) and digital still cameras (more than half of affluent Singaporeans own these an increase from 41% in 2004). Indeed, the love ffair with digital is truly blossoming. * Its fair to say that the marketers of LCD or plasma televisions have enjoyed a good year. They close to doubled their market size, with the number of wealthy Singaporeans already owning one of these TVs rising from 7. 6% to 12. 7%. And theres still a great deal of upside, with 10% expressing the intention to purchase this top tier item in the next 12 months. * Car ownership impressively jumped for the second consecutive year. At the end of June 2005, 60% of cashed up Singaporeans owned one, up from 56. 6% at the same time last year. This is an especially good sign of confidence in this very expensive place to own one – the reduction in COEs would play a significant role in this as well. And indicating that the trend is set to continue, 11. 7% of respondents intend to purchase a private vehicle over the next twelve months. * Singapores love affair with football / soccer continues – a third of PAX respondents read about it, watch it or attend games. This is up from 29. 5% last year. In fact, Singapore is really getting sporty tennis, badminton, basketball and golf all showed higher levels of interest too. With more disposable income, Singaporeans have also been getting cultural. More people have attended a concert, opera, ballet, live theatre, art gallery and museums. * The interest in quality wine continues to gain momentum. Spending on quality wine has dramatically increased from US$144 in 2004 to US$223 in 2005. This is a massive 55% relative increase. * The number of elites of the island state who own a second property is up to 10. 6%. Increases in people living in an owned property have been registered as well – 22. 9% of PAX respondents own their homes.

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Breast Cancer As defined by Majure, breast cancer is an â€Å"uncontrolled growth of abnormal breast cells† (Majure: 110). It is also one of the cancers that women fear the most. Not only do women get diagnosed with breast cancer, men do too. However, it isn't as bad, or as common, in men as it is in women so doctors don’t recommend screening for men. In the U.S more than one thousand men get affected by breast cancer every year and about two hundred thousand women are affected by breast cancer every year. Women are most likely to get diagnosed with it in their forties and fifties while some may be diagnosed with breast cancer in their twenties, if they started their menstrual cycles at an early age like 14. Typically, men are diagnosed with breast cancer in their sixties or seventies. Historically speaking breast cancer has been around for hundreds of years. Thankfully the treatment has improved. Patients who get the cancer removed and take care of themselves after, for example, by exercising and eating healthy, will live longer. There are many risks that increase the likelihood of developing breast cancer, for instance, age, family history, and race. A women who made history with breast cancer was Betty Ford, Betty was one of the first lady’s to speak openly about her disease. Betty encouraged women who have been affected with the disease to go to their doctor as soon as possible and told women who had shared that they didn’t have breast cancer to do self breast exams regularly and get mammograms. She also said when women get diagnosed with it don’t be embarrassed. Treatments in the past were pretty good and quite the same compared to the treatments given to people now, for instance, mastectomy’s which was the primary... ...lso recommend that their patients get an x-ray for the untreated breast as well. Doctors and patients are relieved quite a few times because a majority of breast cancers don’t recur, yet minorities of breast cancers do recur after several years. This is why doctors encourage their patients to come to their follow-ups. Doctors aren’t really sure that if the disease doesn’t recur in a few years it doesn’t mean it won’t. This cancer is slow growing so the disease may recur in about 10 to 20 years; however time does affect the likelihood of recurrence so if there are no signs of the cancer in the x-ray then there is a chance the disease won’t recur. Doctors and medical professionals can offer only so much support and every woman who has been diagnosed with is deals with the consequences of treatment and diagnosis no matter how strong she is needs emotional support.

Importance of Informal and Formal Language Essay

Society is changing at a rapid pace and informality in the English language is on the rise. In places where formal language was once a must, informality has taken over, and questions are raised over whether formal language still has a place in modern English. However, despite changes, formal language is still in use and is still expected and considered the most appropriate method of address in many situations. In written and spoken communication, formal language has the ability to convey knowledge and provide a sense of occasion, while informality has the ability to minimise social distance and is easily understood. Situations in which formal language is the most appropriate form of address may have diminished, however it retains an important role in society. From chatting on the phone to a friend to asking about a neighbour’s day, spoken informal language is the main form of language used in most people’s everyday lives, however it is now being used in more situations. For example, a shift in the way businesses run has been reflected in a less formal method of communicating. Whereas the old business model was focused on the boss being above their employees, hence, a formal manner of communication between the two groups. Businesses now run on the basis of collaborating, sharing and creating a healthy and enjoyable work environment, so the method of communication is far more informal. Another example of a shift to informality is in the way people learn. Teachers now speak in a far more informal style than they used to, instead of talking down to the students in a formal manner. The internet also uses informal, humorous language, people now go to Youtube videos to learn The advantage of using more informal language in these situations is that it minimises social difference, is engaging and makes both parties in a conversation feel comfortable. Informal spoken language is a huge part of peoples lives, the personal way in which it is spoken is now being mimicked in informal writing. Over the course of the last 10 years, mostly due to the invention of texting and the internet, the informal form of writing has become far more prevalent. People are more connected to each other, and yet often see little of each other face-to-fac. Informal writing is very similar to informal spoken language, non-fluency features are used, as well as other previously  spoken language only features. In this way informal written language connects people in a way that formal written language never could, and can almost replace in-person conversation. However, punctuation and grammar are forgone for the convenience factor of less keys to press, and in a fast moving society it is quicker to use non-standard grammar and shorten words to just a handful of characters than it is to plan, write and edit a single message. In a fast-paced, digital setting, informal written language is being used more than ever, however that does not mean formal written language no longer has a place. Formal written language is one of the forms of language most declined in use, however the use of formal written language but still remains a requirement in many areas of communication. Formal language enables both individuals and corporations to convey their expertise and knowledge on a subject. Formal language is expected in academic essays, scientific research reports, legal documents and other more ‘serious’ occasions. For instance, compare a formal sentence such as â€Å"I believe working at KMart would allow me the opportunities to grow as an individual,’ with an informal one such as ‘I reckon working at Kmart’d make me a totes swaggier person’ for a job application. The first conveys experience, maturity and intelligence, and is in the style of language expected on the occasion, and as a result is far more likely to get the position. Formal written language may not be as widely used as it has been previously, however in certain situation s it is the most appropriate, as is the case with formal spoken language. While it is not the language the average person uses reguarly, formal spoken language has immense importance in both conveying knowledge and giving a sense of occasion. For a formal speech, given by a politician or other powerful figure, such as a debate, a press conference, ceremony, or other formal occasion, formal language is the most appropriate method of communication. This choice assures the audience of the speaker’s expertise on the subject and their competency in their position, which leads to trust what they say as being truth. Another occasion where formal language is prevalent is at ceremonies such as weddings, funerals and religious events such as Mass. This formality, and adherence to the norms are key to creating  a sense of occasion and meaning. For instance, wedding vows, or the Lord’s prayer. Each of these is highly formal and rehearsed, and an event would not have the same weight without them. Formal spoken language still has a place in society, giving meaning and weight behind individuals and situations. A mixture of both formal and informal language are important for the continuance of society as it stands. Despite technological and societal changes, formal language remains key to conveying knowledge giving a sense of meaning and occasion to events. The two forms can coexist in separate spaces, in what linguist, Renato Beninatto, describes as the â€Å"underwear effect†. ‘Wearing a suit, people don’t mind using formal language [†¦] The closer they get to intimate life—the closer they get to their underwear, that is—the more they want to use their mother tongue.’ So for the most part, in their homes, informality will be the language chosen by people, however for different occasions, be it a funeral or a job interview, people will accept formality. This goes to show that formality still has a place in today’s society.

Globalisation and Free Trade Essay

Globalisation, also referred to as global integration is an important economic concept used to understand the economic, structural, political and cultural changes that have occurred in the world today. Globalisation is argued to have shaped the post-war world. Globalisation can be defined as the increase of interconnectedness between countries through international trade. The reduced policy barriers to trade and investment in the public sector and the reduced communication and transportation costs in the private sector are believed to be the main driving force behind globalisation (Frankel, 2006). Due to globalisation, the concept of free trade operates. Free trade is a policy where countries are able to trade freely with each other as there are no tariffs applied to imports and no quotas or subsidies applied to exports. According to the law of comparative advantage, the free trade policy allows both countries to gain mutually from trade – increasing economic growth. The increase in inequality and job losses which is occurring around the world is argued to be as a result of global logic of competitive profit-making management techniques of outsourcing and corporate migrations, atomisation, downsizing and widespread technological progress which all came about as a result of globalisation and free trade (Ukpere and Slabbert, 2007) Due to some consequences of globalisation, movements were formed against it (Krugman et al, 2012). The anti-globalisation movements argue that although globalisation increases the overall income of a country however the benefits are not equally distributed between the citizens. This widens income disparities which brings up social and welfare issues and could also limit the forces which drive economic growth as opportunities brought about as a result of globalisation may not be fully taken advantage of. Maintaining citizens support is important in order to sustain globalisation, however support shown by citizens could largely be influenced by the rising level of inequality (Subir Lall et al, 2012). The Ricardian Model of comparative advantage states that goods are produced competitively using one factor of production; labour, utilising constant-returns-to-scale technologies that vary across countries and goods (Deardorff,2007) . The Ricardian model puts forward that countries would export the good in which they have comparative advantage which is determined by opportunity cost, labour cost and labour productivity. A country has a comparative advantage in the production of a good if the opportunity cost of producing that good in terms of other goods is lower in that country than it is in other countries (Krugman et al, 2012). The Ricardian model illustrates a world with two countries, A and B which both utilise a single factor of production – labour in producing good X and Y respectively. Assuming country A has comparative advantage in producing good X, then country A should specialise in the production of good X and would export it to country B. Since it is more cost effective for country B to import good X , Production of good X would decline in country B leading to a reduction in the demand for labour. As a result workers would lose their jobs leaving them with less disposable income – increasing inequality. As a result of globalisation, the cost of communication between countries is low, reducing the cost of controlling the geographically dispersed parts of an organisation. This allows organisations identify countries which have low production costs and set up branches in such countries in order to exploit the low production costs. This is referred to as outsourcing. Through this fragmentation of industry, the host countries are able to pursue their comparative advantage and maximise the use of their resources. However due to outsourcing, the movement of production to the host country causes people in the foreign country to be laid off their jobs as there is a decline in the demand for labour, increasing job losses and also the inequality gap. The factor-proportions theory stresses the importance of the interaction between the proportions of the factors of production that are utilised by countries in production and the proportion of the factors of production the country possesses (Krugman et al, 2012). The Hecksher- Ohlin model is a version of the factor-proportions theory . The model assumes that the country that is abundant in a factor exports the good whose production is intensive in that factor and can be referred to as â€Å"2 by 2 by 2†: Two factors of production, two goods, two countries (Krugman et al, 2012). Assuming we have two countries, country A and B which utilise two factors of production; labour and land to produce goods X(labour intensive) and Y(land intensive) respectively. The Hecksher-Ohlin model states that If country A has abundance of Labour and country B has abundance of land then country A would be effective in the production of good X and country B would be effective in the production of good Y. The Hecksher-Ohlin model purports that owners of abundant factors benefit from international trade and owners of scarce factor would lose from trade. Owners of the scarce factor would then be forced to lay off some workers – leading to disparities in the distribution of income which increases inequality (Krugman et al, 2012). The Stopler- Samuelson theory describes an interaction between relative factor rewards and the relative prices of goods. The theory purports that under some economic conditions (perfect competition, constant returns, equal number of goods produced to equal number of factors) the rise in market price of a good would result in an rise in the return to that factor that is most intensively utilised in producing that good whereas a reduction in the return to the other factor occurs. Due to free trade, there are reduced tariffs on imports and as a result, there is a decrease in the price of imported goods that are high skill-intensive reducing compensation of limited high-skilled workers. Also, there in as increase in the price of exported goods which the country has abundant factor, that are low skill-intensive and the compensation of low-skilled workers. In a developed country with relatively abundant high-skill factors the opposite would occur with a rise in openness resulting in higher inequality. Inequality is argued to be rising amongst countries. The differences between the global poor and global rich continues to increase (Haines, 2001). The income share of the richest quintile is increasing whilst the income share of the rest of the quintiles is decreasing. Although globalisation is argued to be largely responsible for the increase in job losses and inequality, we can also argue that technological progress has contributed to some extent. Technological progress is responsible for the increasing gap between the skilled and unskilled workforce as it puts greater importance on worker skills. As a result of this, in most countries skilled workers are paid significantly higher wages than unskilled workers as a result leading to differences in income distribution. Also, in most households nowadays, we’ll find that most people use telephones and computers, making it possible for individuals to purchase a wide range of goods and services from a global supply chain. Countries that sell goods and services at a lower price compared to other countries tend to have comparative advantage in producing the good according to the Ricardian Model. As individuals we tend to then purchase goods from the country which sells it at the lowest price when compared to other countries. These current patterns have led to a large section of the labour market withering away, increasing inequality and job losses amongst countries (Martin and Schumann, 1997). Samuelson (2004) indicated that using the Ricardian model, with two goods and two countries with different levels of productivity, technological progress in the lagging country would benefit the latter and the more developed country would end up losing from international trade. This reduces the mutual benefits from international trade – increasing inequality. In order to decrease the rising inequality and job losses the government should make providing easy and free access to education a matter of high importance. This gives unskilled and low income groups an opportunity to take advantage of opportunities which arise from globalisation as a result they would be able to lessen the disparities in income distribution and have more job opportunities (Subir Lall et al, 2012). Globalisation is believed to have significantly contributed to the increase in the overall wealth amongst countries however it has a disequalizing effect as access to wealth between the rich and poor segments of the population is unequal. Government should put in place policy reforms which are aimed at opening up access to finance, developing institutions that encourage lending to the low income groups in order to enhance the general distribution of income, which in turn helps to support the overall growth of the economy.

The Complete List of Nora Roberts Books

The Complete List of Nora Roberts Books Nora Roberts releases several new romance novels every year, making her one of the most prolific authors of our time. She is continually adding to a number of series and has published more than 200 novels- some sweet, some suspenseful, and some fantasy. Roberts has regularly hit the  New York Times  bestseller list since 1999. Thanks to her dedicated fans and the fact that she was an early pioneer in communicating with them online, it is rare that a new release does not hit that esteemed book list. In fact, starting in 1999, every Nora Roberts book has made it. Known for writing compelling series and trilogies, Roberts is adept at telling stories that almost force you to hunt down the next title. Her In Death series is closing in on 50 titles. It is a detective romance series written under the pseudonym J.D. Robb. Nora Roberts and J.D. Robb Books by Year Roberts started writing during a blizzard in 1979. It forced her two sons to stay home from school, and she was on the verge of going stir crazy. Though her writing may have started out as a creative escape, it quickly turned into a long and lasting career. If youre looking for her earliest work, she published six titles within the first two years of her debut. This volume for a new author is astounding in itself and is just a prelude to the amount of work she would produce in the coming decades. 1981: Irish Thoroughbred (Irish Hearts)1982: Blithe Images1982: Song of the West1982: Search for Love1982: Island of Flowers1982: The Hearts Victory 1983: The Legacy Begins In 1983, Roberts began a legacy of publishing many books each year. It would set the pace for her entire career. Also, if youre going to read Reflections, be sure to follow up with Dance of Dreams, because the stories are connected. From This DayHer Mothers KeeperReflectionsDance of DreamsOnce More With FeelingUntamedTonight and AlwaysThis Magic Moment 1984: A Prolific Year An interesting year for Roberts, in 1984 the author produced a variety of single books, and it was one of her most prolific years. She would not debut her first series until 1985. Endings and BeginningsStorm WarningSullivans WomanRules of the GameLess of a StrangerA Matter of ChoiceThe Law Is a LadyFirst ImpressionsOpposites AttractPromise Me Tomorrow 1985: Meet "The MacGregors" In 1985, Roberts debuted one of her most successful series. The MacGregors includes 10 novels, starting with Playing the Odds and ending up with 1999s The Perfect Neighbor. The characters have been featured in other novels throughout the years as well. Playing the Odds (The MacGregors)Tempting Fate (The MacGregors)All the Possibilities  (The MacGregors)One Mans Art  (The MacGregors)PartnersThe Right PathBoundary LinesSummer Desserts  Night MovesDual Image 1986: A Good Year for Follow-Up Novels If you read Summer Desserts, then you have to follow it with 1986s Lessons Learned to get the rest of the story. Also, Second Nature and One Summer should be read in succession.   The Art of DeceptionAffaire Royale (Cordinas Royal Family)Second NatureOne SummerTreasures Lost, Treasures FoundRisky BusinessLessons LearnedA Will and a WayHome for Christmas 1987: Meet "Cordina's Royal Family" In 1986, Roberts introduced us to Cordinas Royal Family with the release of Affaire Royale. Two books in that series followed the next year, though the fourth would not be released until 2002 under the title Cordinas Crown Jewel. If you happen to pick up Sacred Sins, youll also want to read 1988s Brazen Virtue, as the two are connected. For Now Forever (The MacGregors)Mind Over MatterCommand Performance (Cordinas Royal Family)The Playboy Prince  (Cordinas Royal Family)Hot IceTemptationSacred Sins   1988: The Year of the Irish Roberts must have had Ireland on her mind because in 1988 she turned her debut novel into a series that would be known as Irish Hearts. Yet, youll also find these volumes under the title Irish Legacy Trilogy. It includes Irish Thoroughbred (1981), Irish Rose (1988), and Irish Rebel (2000). The author also spent part of the year introducing us to The OHurleys. After these three novels, you can find them again in 1990s Without a Trace. Local HeroIrish Rose  (Irish Hearts)Brazen VirtueThe Last Honest Woman (The OHurleys)Dance to the Piper  (The OHurleys)Skin Deep  (The OHurleys)Rebellion  (The MacGregors)Name of the GameSweet Revenge 1989: A Trio to Delight Fans To kick off the year, Roberts spent the first few months of 1989 with three connected novels. The first three in this list were written to be read in order. At the end of the year she started another story, so when youre done with Time Was, read Times Change. Loving JackBest Laid PlansLawlessImpulseGabriels AngelThe WelcomingTime Was 1990: Meet "The Stanislaskis" In comparison, it doesnt look as if Roberts had a very productive year. However, she did take some time in March to introduce us to The Stanislaskis. This six-book series would continue regularly through 2001 with the release of Considering Kate. Times ChangeTaming Natasha (The Stanislaskis)Public SecretsWithout a Trace  Ã‚  (The OHurleys)In From the Cold  (The MacGregors) 1991: Meet "The Calhoun Women" Four of the five books in The Calhoun Women series were released in 1991. Anxious fans had to wait until Megans Mate in 1996 for the fifth novel, but today you can fly right through them. Youll also find some of the Calhoun women featured in other novels, especially in 1998. Night Shift (Night Tales)Night Shadows  (Night Tales)Courting Catherine (The Calhoun Women)A Man for Amanda  (The Calhoun Women)For the Love of Lilah  (The Calhoun Women)Suzannas Surrender  (The Calhoun Women)Genuine LiesLuring a Lady  (The Stanislaskis) 1992: The Year of the Donovans If you have not yet read the four novels in the Donovan Legacy, consider this a must. The cousins have special powers that make them extraordinary, and three of the books were published in 1992. The last of the series is Enchanted, published in 1999. Carnal InnocenceCaptivated (Donovan Legacy)Entranced  (Donovan Legacy)Charmed  (Donovan Legacy)Divine EvilUnfinished BusinessHonest Illusions 1993: Just Three New Books It seems as if 1993 was a bit slow for Roberts, but she did continue two of her popular series. Nightshade is the third of five in the Night Tales collection that started with the 1991 release of Night Shift. Falling for Rachel  (The Stanislaskis)Nightshade  (Night Tales)Private Scandals 1994: The Debut of "Born In" Born in Fire was the first release in the Born In trilogy, and its sometimes called the Irish Born trilogy. After that book, be sure to catch Born in Ice (1995) and Born in Shame (1996) to complete the trio. Night Smoke  (Night Tales)Convincing Alex  (The Stanislaskis)Birds, Bees and Babies/The Best Mistake (Mothers Day anthology)Silhouette Christmas/All I Want for Christmas (Christmas anthology)Hidden RichesBorn in Fire (Born In trilogy) 1995: J.D. Robb Makes the First Appearance This was the year Roberts began writing detective romances under the pen name J.D. Robb. She chose the J and D from her sons first initials and took Robb from Roberts. Born in Ice  (Born In trilogy)The Return of Rafe MacKade (The MacKade Brothers)The Pride of Jared MacKade  (The MacKade Brothers)True BetrayalsNaked in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 1)Glory in Death (Robb, In Death No. 2) 1996: Roberts' 100th Book A milestone year, Roberts published her 100th book just shortly after celebrating her first decade of work. Montana Sky, tells the story of three half-sisters who come together for the first time to hear their fathers will be read. Little did they know that their inheritance was dependent on one very specific condition. Megans Mate  (The Calhoun Women)The Heart of Devin MacKade  (The MacKade Brothers)The Fall of Shane MacKade  (The MacKade Brothers)Born in Shame  (Born In trilogy)Daring to Dream (Dream)Montana SkyImmortal in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 3)Rapture in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 4) 1997: Romance Writers Award In 1997, Roberts was awarded the Romance Writers of America Lifetime Achievement Award. In reality, as you can see from the rest of the list, she was just getting started. The MacGregor Brides  (The MacGregors)Hidden Star (Stars of Mithra)Captive Star  (Stars of Mithra)Waiting for Nick  (The Stanislaskis)Holding the Dream  (Dream)Finding the Dream  (Dream)SanctuaryCeremony in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 5)Vengeance in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 6) 1998: The Bestseller Streak Begins Roberts success on the bestseller lists began with Rising Tides. It was her first novel to be an immediate No. 1, a streak that seems as if it will be endless. Serena and Caine (The MacGregors)The MacGregor Grooms  (The MacGregors)The Winning Hand  (The MacGregors)Rising Tides  (Chesapeake Bay Saga)Sea Swept (Chesapeake Bay Saga)Lilah and Suzanna (The Calhoun Women)Catherine and Amanda (The Calhoun Women)Once Upon a CastleHomeportSecret Star  (Stars of Mithra)The ReefHoliday in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 7)Midnight in Death (short story, Robb, In Death No. 7.5) 1999: Meet the "Gallaghers of Ardmore" For the second year in a row, Roberts was on a roll. She published a number of books and introduced readers to the Gallaghers of Ardmore in the process. This trilogy would wrap up in 2000. Inner Harbor  (Chesapeake Bay Saga)The Perfect Neighbor  (The MacGregors)The MacGregors: Daniel IanThe MacGregors: Alan GrantJewels of the Sun (Gallaghers of Ardmore)Enchanted  (Donovan Legacy)Once Upon a StarRivers EndConspiracy in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 8)Loyalty in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 9) 2000: The Finales for Popular Series Some fan favorites continued in 2000. This included the finale for Night Tales, Gallaghers of Ardmore, and Irish Hearts. This year also saw the first of three books in the Three Sisters Island series. The Stanislaski Brothers: Convincing Alex/Luring a LadyNight Shield  (Night Tales)Tears of the Moon  (Gallaghers of Ardmore)Heart of the Sea  (Gallaghers of Ardmore)Irish Rebel  Ã‚  (Irish Hearts)Carolina MoonDance Upon the Air (Three Sisters Island)Witness in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 10)Judgment in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 11) 2001: A Hardcover Bestseller In November of 2001, Roberts officially moved from best-selling paperback to the top of the hardcover list. The book Midnight Bayou was her first to go right to No. 1 in this edition. Considering Kate  (The Stanislaskis)Once Upon a RoseHeaven and Earth  (Three Sisters Island)The VillaMidnight BayouChesapeake Blue (Chesapeake Bay Saga)Betrayal in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 12)Interlude in Death  (novella, Robb, In Death No. 12.5)Seduction in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 13) 2002: Cordina's Finale In 2002, we saw the final novel in the Cordinas Royal Family series as well as other memorable single books. It also marked the release of Summer Pleasure, a two-in-one reissue of the popular Second Nature and One Summer from 1986. Once Upon a DreamSummer PleasuresFace the Fire  (Three Sisters Island)Cordinas Crown Jewel  (Cordinas Royal Family)Three FatesReunion in Death (Robb, In Death No. 14)Purity in Death (Robb, In Death No. 15) 2003: "The Key Trilogy" Begins The Key trilogy made its debut in November 2003. This was a series that fans didnt have to wait for. The second and third volumes followed monthly, ending with Key of Valor in January. This is significant because rarely have all three books in a series hit the bestseller list simultaneously. Key of Knowledge (The Key)Key of Light (The Key)Nora Roberts CompanionOnce Upon a MidnightRemember WhenBirthrightPortrait in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 16)Imitation in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 17) 2004: "In the Garden Trilogy" Debuts What started in the previous year saw the final novel in The Key Trilogy in 2004. It also marked the release of Blue Dahlia, first in a trilogy called In the Garden. Blue Dahlia (In the Garden)Northern LightsKey of Valor (The Key)A Little FateDivided  in  Death  (Robb, In Death No. 18)Visions  in  Death  (Robb, In Death No. 19) 2005: Five Fine Novels Roberts finished up the In the Garden trilogy in 2005 and published the popular Blue Smoke. The year also saw her continue the dual release of her In Death series under the J.D. Robb pseudonym, hitting her 20th book. Black Rose  (In the Garden)Red Lily  (In the Garden)Blue SmokeSurvivor in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 20)Origin in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 21) 2006: "Angel's Fall" Wins In 2006, Roberts novel Angels Fall won the Quill Award for Book of the Year. The year is also significant because it saw all three novels of the immensely popular The Circle trilogy released in rapid succession. Bump in the NightAngels FallMorrigans Cross (The  Circle)Dance of the Gods  (The  Circle)Valley of Silence  (The  Circle)Memory in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 22)Born in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 23) 2007: Roberts on Lifetime Four of Roberts novels were adapted into TV movies by Lifetime Television in 2007, and more would follow in subsequent years. Her romantic stories are a perfect fit for the network, and they continue to air regularly. Roberts was also named one of the 100 Most Influential People by Time. High NoonDead of Night AnthologyBlood Brothers  (Sign of Seven)Innocent in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 24)Creation in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 25) 2008: An Award in Her Name The Romance Writers of America renamed their Lifetime Achievement Award after Nora Roberts in 2008. The Hollow  (Sign of Seven)The Pagan Stone  (Sign of Seven)TributeSuite 606  (J.D. Robb and friends anthology)Strangers In Death  (Robb, In Death No. 26)Salvation In Death  (Robb, In Death No. 27) 2009: 400 Million Copies Sold In 2009, Roberts and her books reached a milestone. According to a report from September of that year, there were more than 400 million copies of her books in print. Vision in White (The Bride Quartet)Bed of Roses  (The Bride Quartet)Black HillsPromises in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 28)Kindred in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 29)The Lost  (anthology, including J.D. Robb) 2010: "The Bride Quartet" Wraps Up Started in 2009, the last two novels in The Bride Quartet series were released in 2010. Its another fantastic story that you need to read from beginning to end. Savor the Moment  (The Bride Quartet)Happy Ever After  (The Bride Quartet)The SearchThe Other Side AnthologyFantasy in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 30)Indulgence in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 31) 2011: The Beginnings of "The Inn Boonsboro" It was in 2011 that Roberts debuted her instantly popular The Inn Boonsboro trilogy. Finished off within a year, The Next Always spent weeks at the top of the paperback bestseller lists. Chasing FireThe UnquietThe Next Always (The Inn Boonsboro)Treachery in Death  (Robbs In Death No. 32)New York to Dallas  (Robbs In Death No. 33) 2012: Roberts' 200th Book In 2012, Roberts released her 200th novel. The Witness is a mysterious tale about Abigail Lowery, who lives in seclusion after an encounter with a strange man. Her secret? Well, youll just have to read the book. The WitnessThe Last Boyfriend (The Inn  Boonsboro)The Perfect Hope (The Inn  Boonsboro)Celebrity in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 34)Delusion in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 35) 2013: Introducing the "Cousins O'Dwyer" The Cousins ODwyer trilogy quickly became a hit after the release of Dark Witch. Each of the three novels went straight to the top of the  New York Times  best-seller list. Whiskey BeachTaken in Death (short story in Mirror, Mirror  book)Dark Witch  (The Cousins ODwyer)Calculated in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 36)Thankless in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 37) 2014: The "Cousins" Finale Introduced to Iona Sheehan in the previous year, the cousins trilogy continued in 2014. In the final two,  Branna ODwyer becomes the star, and her work at The Dark Witch shop the center of the action. Shadow Spell  (The Cousins ODwyer No. 2)Blood Magick (The Cousins ODwyer No. 3)The CollectorConcealed in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 38)Festive in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 39) 2015: The 40th "In Death" Book It all began in 1995, and 20 years later, J.D. Robb published her 40th In Death book in 2015. Running at two novels per year, fans began to rely on the releases as something they could expect from Roberts. The LiarDown the Rabbit HoleStars of Fortune (The Guardians)Obsession  in  Death  (Robb, In Death No. 40)Devotion in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 41) 2016: "The Guardians" trilogy Concludes Fantasy abounds in Roberts Guardians trilogy. The series was finished in just over a year, and 2016 saw the series wrap up with what many consider two of the authors most imaginative works. The ObsessionBay of Sighs (The Guardians)Island of Glass (The Guardians)Brotherhood in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 42)Apprentice in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 43) 2017: 222 Books and Counting With the 2017 release of Come Sundown, Nora Roberts list of books hit 222, and Secrets in Death was the 45th In Death title for J.D. Robb. This is an astonishing library from a single author and one of the reasons why  The New Yorker  has called her Americas favorite author. Year One (Chronicles of the One)Come SundownEchoes in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 44)Secrets in Death (Robb, In Death No. 45) 2018: 500 million The second part in a trilogy begun in the dystopian New York City (Year One) was set to follow in late 2018 as well as two more In Death books. There have been 500 million of Nora Roberts books in print. Dark in Death  (Robb, â€Å"In Death† No. 46)Shelter in PlaceLeverage in Death (Robb, â€Å"In Death† No. 47)Of Blood and Bone (â€Å"Chronicles of the One† No. 2) 2019: "In Death" Continues The 48th book in the In Death Eve Dallas series for pseudonym J.D. Robb is scheduled for February 2019. Communications in Death (Robb, In Death No. 48)

Treating De Quervains Syndrome at Home

Treating De Quervains Syndrome at Home It is important to note that treating De Quervains syndrome, also known as gamers thumb, at home or without the direction of a doctor is possible, however, severe or chronic De Quervains syndrome should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare provider since, if left untreated, De Quervains syndrome can result in permanent injury and a loss of your range of motion and grip strength. Treating De Quervains syndrome should begin when symptoms first appear and continue as long as the symptoms persist or the cause is still relevant. Treatment should be done leading up towards a doctors appointment or during your data gathering activities while trying to determine the cause of your De Quervains syndrome. Treatments and their effectiveness should be noted within this data. The first step in treating De Quervains syndrome at home is taking care of your general health. Chronic inflammation affects a lot of people and can contribute to or hamper your recovery from most repetitive stress injuries, including De Quervains syndrome. General Health To make your De Quervains syndrome treatments the as effective as they can be you should be in good health and at a healthy body weight. Being overweight contributes to chronic inflammation and affects your circulation as well. And without good circulation, your body cant repair itself effectively. So maintaining a good circulatory system through cardiovascular exercise helps. Hydration Staying hydrated is important as well. A good rule of thumb to stay hydrated is to take your weight in pounds, slide the decimal to the left so you lose the ones column, and drink that many ounces of water. If you weigh 250 pounds then you should drink at least 25 ounces of water a day. Rest The best way to treat your De Quervains syndrome at home is to identify what activities are causing the repetitive stress and avoid doing them while allowing your wrist and thumb ample time to rest and heal. Being able to take a couple weeks off and not use your hand for much is almost always impossible. So at least try to reduce the length of time, the number of repetitions or strength required to perform the tasks causing the repetitive stress. If at all possible avoid repetitive motions of any type with the hand and wrist. Ice One of the most effective treatments for any inflammation, like De Quervains syndrome, is using ice. Ice reduces swelling and relieves pain. Use an ice pack regularly to reduce your inflammation following a 15 minute on - 15 minute off pattern. A cool pack, one that isnt as cold as frozen ice, can be kept on longer. Follow the manufacturers recommendation on these items. Over the Counter Medication The inflammation associated with De Quervains syndrome can be reduced with the use of over the counter anti-inflammatory medication such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen. They are also effective at managing pain. Liniments and pain relieving balms can help temporarily relieve your pain, but often do not reduce the inflammation. Whether you use a pill or a topical pain reliever it is important to remember that they are simply masking your pain. The problem is still there and if you continue to stress the area while the pain is masked you can further injure yourself. Stabilization/Immobilization When treating De Quervains syndrome at home you may want to consider wearing a splint to immobilize the wrist and thumb that is being afflicted. A splint will completely immobilize your thumb and/or wrist allowing it to heal without further stressing the area. If complete immobilization is not practical then stabilization may help. To stabilize the wrist and thumb for De Quervains syndrome a brace or compression wrap is used to support the wrist and thumb, especially when gripping. This provides more support to the area reducing some of the stress and range of motion you would normally receive. But it does not impede you from all repetitive stress or further injuring yourself. Exercise Physical therapy is a vital part of treating and recovering from De Quervains syndrome. A doctor or physical therapist can provide you with an exercise regiment to help your particular condition and instruct you in the proper execution of those exercises. A couple of easy stretches can be performed on your own, however. These stretches should only be done a couple of times a day and you should not experience any pain when doing them. If they are hurting it may be time to see a doctor for your De Quervains syndrome. Stretching the muscle between the thumb and the palm is a good exercise. The inflammation and irritation of the tendons in De Quervains syndrome often destabilize the base of the thumb. It becomes weak and difficult to properly use. You can help relieve the stress at the base thumb joint by stretching and massaging the muscles and tissues that hold it in place. To perform this stretch grab your afflicted thumb with your other hand and pull the thumb away from your palm. Hold the stretch for ten to fifteen seconds and then release. Let the sensation die down completely before stretching again. Perform this stretch with the hands below the level of your heart for better circulation during the stretch. Massaging the web of muscle and tissue between the thumb and palm is beneficial as well. Next stretch the tendons that control the thumb and pass through the wrist, the ones causing the problem. Hold your hand in a relaxed fist and flex your wrist downward much like in Finkelsteins test. Dont flex your wrist to the point of pain, however. Just give it a relaxing stretch for ten to fifteen seconds and then release. These stretches should be done once or twice a day and no more. The area has very small muscles that can easily be overworked. If you strain those muscles and your thumb starts hurting give it a day or two before you begin stretching again. The stretching will have a cumulative relaxing effect on your De Quervains syndrome over the course of a couple of weeks. It is important to note that you should not stretch any part of your body when it is cold. So do not stretch your thumb after icing it or when under the effects of a pain reliever since it is easy to overstretch things in those cases.

Periodic Feedback Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Periodic Feedback - Essay Example ) during my first week at Covad Communication and received a performance note on the work that I have done during that week (please refer to the performance note section) by Paul Chu. Unfortunately, Paul left after the first week. 5. Gained technical experience on auditing Oracle application automated controls. Used Oracle gate tool to pull the SOD testing results as well as India testing results and confirmed these results with DBA (Eranyian Guna). Also, leverage some technical knowledge by looking at the controls that have been sent to Oracle gate analysis team. I was aware of the budget hours that have been assigned for SPA team, and was managing the time of the engagement in order not to exceed the budget hours. In addition, I was aware of the hours that have been assigned to the new associate Irella Blackwood and to let her informed me about any additional time that she might need to complete her